There's no upper limit in the rules, but anything above 16 finds diminishing returns for the cost of reaching that value - beyond 16, you don't get any more bonus damage, your chances of success don't consistently increase (if you've got 3 expertise in a skill and 17 in that attribute, you don't get any increase in your chances), etc.
Given the cost of increasing attributes at that point - 1600xp from 15 to 16 - the cost quickly outweighs the benefits.
Game Development - 2D20 System
System Design - Star Trek Adventures
Rules questions and playtest feedback to
nathan@modiphius.com